Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit

M Rosas-Ballina, PS Olofsson, M Ochani… - Science, 2011 - science.org
Science, 2011science.org
Neural circuits regulate cytokine production to prevent potentially damaging inflammation. A
prototypical vagus nerve circuit, the inflammatory reflex, inhibits tumor necrosis factor–α
production in spleen by a mechanism requiring acetylcholine signaling through the α7
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed on cytokine-producing macrophages. Nerve
fibers in spleen lack the enzymatic machinery necessary for acetylcholine production;
therefore, how does this neural circuit terminate in cholinergic signaling? We identified an …
Neural circuits regulate cytokine production to prevent potentially damaging inflammation. A prototypical vagus nerve circuit, the inflammatory reflex, inhibits tumor necrosis factor–α production in spleen by a mechanism requiring acetylcholine signaling through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed on cytokine-producing macrophages. Nerve fibers in spleen lack the enzymatic machinery necessary for acetylcholine production; therefore, how does this neural circuit terminate in cholinergic signaling? We identified an acetylcholine-producing, memory phenotype T cell population in mice that is integral to the inflammatory reflex. These acetylcholine-producing T cells are required for inhibition of cytokine production by vagus nerve stimulation. Thus, action potentials originating in the vagus nerve regulate T cells, which in turn produce the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, required to control innate immune responses.
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