Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels play a major role in many fundamental physiological
processes including neurotransmission, muscle contraction, intracellular signaling, hormone
secretion, and development. Therefore, an understanding of the structure and regulation of
Ca2+ channels is critical for the comprehension of these physiological phenomena. Five
types of high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (named L-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-type) and one
type of low voltage-activated Ca2+ channel (known as T-type) have been identified based …